I figured it was about time I too had an article on something on my blog.
What else but the single most ignored facet of training lore; nutrition. There’s a lot to it, but none of it is exactly rocket science. So, in simple terms, I’ll explain the whole thing. This will be a three-part article, since it’d be quite long otherwise…
There will be a conspicuous absence; the division into male-female.
The reason is simple; muscle physiology does not differ by gender, and so nutritional needs don’t differ either, except in two regards: women should pay closer attention to their iron intake as much iron can be lost via bleeding in the menstrual cycle, and in the case of eating birth-control pills women need to make sure they’re getting enough vitamin B’s, since the pills tend to cause greater usage of these.
Sorry guys, but us men cannot therefore argue that we “need bacon to survive, dammit” since we really don’t. Delicious as it may be.
Before we can go into specifics, it would be wise to look at some overall clever ideas regarding anyone’s nutrition.
This part will therefore deal with the nutritional guidelines that are in accordance with the “official” line of thinking regarding food and health (Finnish recommendations). The next part will deal with how to adapt this into building muscle and strength. Again, there’s scant little difference between men and women in this department as well. The third and probably last installment will deal with weight-loss. How to eat yourself lean, basically. Not difficult either, by the way…
——-
Before you can start calculating how much you need to eat, you need to know how much you’re consuming. First and foremost; get your bodyfat % measured by someone who knows what they’re doing. Fat cells don’t use energy (aka food) so all the calculations will be made for lean body mass (=LBM, aka fat-free bodyweight).
Don’t trust those electric impendance measures, you know; the ones that look like Knight Rider’s steering wheel, since they’ll downright lie if you’ve got even slightly above average muscle mass. Go to a seasoned measurer, found at most “hardcore” gyms everywhere, where they measure with a skinfold caliper.
Here are the two most used formulas for calculating your resting metabolism (base metabolic rate, BMR). Note that the weights are in kilograms.
To get your kg weight: divide your lbs bodyweight by 2.2. Example: 220lbs div 2.2 = 100kgs.
-The Cunningham formula from 1980 is widely used because of its relative simplicity:
500 + 22 x lean body mass (aka fat free bodyweight)
-However, the Harris-Benedict formula from 1919 is more accurate as well as more elaborate:
For men: 66,47 + (13,75 x bodyweight in kgs) + (5 x your length in cm) – (6,76 x age in years)
For women: 655,1 + (9,56 x bodyweight in kgs) + (1,85 x your length in cm) – (4,68 x age in years)
(one inch = 2,5cm)
Or, for the sake of simplifying things, you can do it the Chris Aceto way and make a rough ballpark guesstimation:
Your weight in kgs x 22 = guesstimate of base metabolic rate
(Or, your weight in lbs and simply add a zero).
So now you have an idea of how much you need to eat, if you never did anything like lift a finger or such, also known as your BMR. In order to know what you actually need is a bit more complex. Everything once you get out of bed consumes more energy than what your BMR is. You’ll need to compensate for this loss by eating more food, thankfully.
The MET system (metabolic equivalent system) is a system by which you can very accurately gauge the amounts of calories you need, but the system is a bit time consuming, since every activity has to be recorded every hour, and there is a different value for each activity based on it’s heaviness.
The simplified MET system goes like this and is calculated for the entire day at a time:
BMR x 1,2: physically light job and no other physical activity
BMR x 1,3: physically light job and some light chores
BMR x 1,4: physically light job and a fair amount of chores
BMR x 1,5: physically light job and lots of chores
BMR x 1,6: physically medium heavy job and no or very little chores
BMR x 1,7: physically medium heavy job and some light chores
BMR x 1,8: physically medium heavy job and plenty of chores
BMR x 1,9: physically demanding job and no or very little chores
BMR x 2,0: physically demanding job and reasonable amount of chores
BMR x 2,1: physically demanding job and plenty of chores
For someone like me, with a physically fairly demanding job plus the 3-4 workouts I do a week, which can be counted as heavy chores I’d say, adds up to about 2,0 times my BMR. Which is roughly 3700 kcal/day altogether.
Basically, we should all be eating between 5-7 meals per day, that is, in 2-4 hour intervals. Less than that and you’re prone to binging once you get your meal, causing a massive insulin surge in your bloodstream followed by the “crash”, or post-meal weariness.
That is, to see it in writing: breakfast, snack, lunch, snack, dinner, snack and a bedtime meal.
This is optimal for everyone, since it’ll keep your metabolism going steadily and you won’t get those crashes after meals. It doesn’t really matter whether or not you’re hungry, you should never miss any of those meals. Period.
So the “three square meals a day”-thingy should be dead and buried by now, but for some reason it isn’t. Somehow that ogre still survives, even though the same recommendation (5-7 meals per day) was made more than a century ago by most strongmen and other athletes, perhaps most notably for us muscleheads by Eugene Sandow.
Another thing is, carbwise, we should all be eating more veggies, legumes and fruit. This is because they’re rich in vitamins, minerals and something you can’t get anywhere else; phytochemicals like flavonoids. Yes, yes, I know red wine also has flavonoids in it, but alcohol has absolutely NO place in an athletes’ diet regardless (at least not on a regular basis).
Also, all the carbs you consume should be from high-fiber sources. That would include oat meal, rye meal, rye bread, rye crispbread, full-grain rice and unsugared cereal, unsugared muesli, firm veggies like carrots and beets, and so on.
The gist here is that even though the calculation makes your carb intake look like 60-70%, the fiber in it makes it so that you’re not actually overfeeding yourself with sugars (let’s face it: carbs = sugars) simply because the fiber is very filling. You’ll be stuffed before you’ve overeaten. Besides, fiber is non-soluble and thus doesn’t really count as energy intake anyhow.
A range of 5-8g of carbs per kg of bodyweight per day should suffice. And that includes the fibers, too.
What surprised me as I read through the official guidelines was the amount of fats they’re prescribing as a healthy amount. I’ve actually had to increase my daily fat intake to fit these parameters.
Get this: 1-2g/kg bodyweight/day is optimal, they say. That translates into a whopping 20-25 E%! (E% is the percentage of your daily energy intake).
Less fat than 1g/kg/day equals less testosterone and growth hormone, it would seem according to the metastudies our fine government has made, and is thus not optimal for strength gains and muscle growth. And in my own case, it seems to work. I seem to be growing but burning fat all the same while doing so. ‘Strange’ seems somehow inadequate to describe it…
However (put the bacon back in the fridge if you would, please), these fats should come mainly from plants; olive and rapeseed oil, margarine, peanuts, almonds and the like. Also, fatty fish like salmon should be a part of your weekly menu on a very regular basis. Lucky for me we Finns have plenty of ways to cook a salmon, sometimes even just salt it and leave it in the fridge overnight. Yummy!
Protein seems to be better if it comes from an animal source like chicken, beef, pork, turkey and dairy such as milk, cheese, yogurt and cottage cheese. This is because plant based proteins don’t have the same testosterone-upping and hence, anabolic, effect.
Plant proteins are also inferior with regard to their amino acid content, but it has to be said that a sensible vegan diet usually does have everything you need.
However, vegans and vegetarians need to make sure they’re getting enough iron. Meat is rich in well-absorbable iron and plant sources simply can’t compete in this department since the iron in plants doesn’t absorb as readily. A sufficient protein intake is 0,8-2g/kg bodyweight/day.
And: IF your diet is compiled sensibly, you should be getting all the vitamins, minerals and other healthy substances from diet alone. Basically you’ll not need supplements. However, you may wish to make sure you’re getting everything you need by popping a multivitamin-mineral pill each morning just for kicks.
Recap of basic nutritional guidelines that anyone can reap the benefits of:
Protein: 0,8-2g / kg / day
Carbs: 5-8g / kg / day
Fats: 1-2g / kg / day